Health Promotion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Promotion - Research Paper Example Law enforcement, health care, and low labour productivity are estimated to be 9.2 billion yearly in Ontario alone. 10% of mortalities in Ontario arise indirectly or directly from consumption of alcohol. Ontario’s Ministry of health developed the program that targeted 21 communities in the entire Ontario community that have shown interest and commitment in addressing this menace. The key audiences for this program are youth and children, with every project asked to allocate 30 per cent of their budget to reach the target population. The program builds the success of highlighting projects to prevent substance abuse and alcohol at sites in 21 communities. The evaluation of the program found that the project offered a promising future of preventing alcohol and related substance abuse. Based on the finding, the ministry has come up with a FOCUS community program that implements the existing 11 sites and 10 new sites (â€Å"Partners in action: Ontarios substance abuse strategy†, 2004). Every site has a local agency responsible for preventing substance abuse and leading the implementation process of FOCUS. Addiction Research Foundation is a branch of Addiction and Mental Health Services Corporation that participated in developing the FOCUS program and in selecting the sites. The ministry invited the agencies to prepare the applications of FOCUS in conjunction with domestic partners like businesses, health agencies, voluntary groups, and injury prevention coalition. In total, there are 220 groups in partnership with FOCUS Community Program. Funding from the ministry of Health will supports the staff resources and program costs (Weinstein & Hanson, 2005). The communities that are participating in the program have matched the funding of the ministry with domestic in kind resources on a ratio of 1 to 1. Consequently, the domestic program partners have taken part in valuation of resources worth over 2.5 million

Personhood and Severely Invalid Persons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personhood and Severely Invalid Persons - Essay Example These debates would be linked to the position of severely invalid persons like persons with Acute Dementia in the ward I did my practical work in. Questions to be addressed include, who are they? What is their position in the society? And what moral and ethical obligations do health professionals like nurses owe to such persons. In my study of philosophy, I had on question on my mind and this was from my practical work. The question was, what is the position of people with acute dementia. The are seriously invalid and have a tough existence. I therefore began to wonder how their rights to health care accrued and why the state decided to respect their rights as human beings. I began to find out why we are required, as health professionals to take good care of them. I found a lot of answers about the fundamental rights of seriously invalid persons in my study of philosophy and readings on the theories on personhood. From my readings, I identified that personhood has been debated thoroughly in history. The Founding Fathers of America decided to grant equal rights to all the colonialists to kind of liberate them from the harsh rules of the British colonialists. This became the fundamental principles of human rights which became part of the United Nations' conventions over 170 years after America gained independence in 1776. Merrill (1998) argues that in the world today, personhood is the basis of rights. She states that â€Å"the person is to ethics as the cell is to biology: the minimal basic unit† (Merrill, 1998). Personhood therefore forms the basis for the definition of moral theory. The society depends on the mutual recognition of personhood (Elridge, 1989). Thus, the fundamentally flawed societies failed to attribute respect to the personhood of certain people. Examples include Nazi Germany which killed six million Jews, Gypsies and homosexuals because in their view, these persons did not have rights that guaranteed them life and justice. Aside these people, Germans with acute mental issues like those with down syndrome and acute dementia like those I cared for during my practicals were a blotch to the pure Aryan race the Nazis sought to raise. They were separated and most of them were killed. This is because they were not viewed as humans or persons, under the Nazi philosophy. Also, there is evidence of several people in the Nazi concentration camps being used for experiments like twins, blue eyed person and midgets/dwarfs. This is because such persons were not considered to be 'persons'. Eventually, Nazi Germany was invaded by the Allies and this was seen as a triumph of good over evil. The United Nations was formed in 1945 to protect the rights of people in all parts of the world. In the long run, it is clear that the nations that led the United Nations and Allied course had studied important elements of 'personhood' and that forms the basis of moral ethics today which defines the fundamental rights of patients including people with severe dementia. Locke, who was one of the earliest philosophers whose concepts supported human rights argued that an individual defines himself in a given way. That is what sets the foundation of his identity. Once this is done, the individual is viewed as he defines himself or herself and define him or her as a 'person' (Locke, 2003) . Thus, it is more of self which evolves to the person. In Locke's second treatise, it was concluded that a society is a collection of persons (2003). Due to this, persons come together to collectively define the structures of a society. As such, they should have rights in order to live a meaningful life. Kant on the other hand, believed in the theory of individual

Liberty of Conscience and Individuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Liberty of Conscience and Individuality - Essay Example Individuality means one separate object or one only and it is a quality of state as being an individual. Besides, it also includes the status of independence. The main focus of this paper in presenting the concept will be Chapter 3 of On Liberty by John Stuart Mill. In this chapter, he describes about importance of individuality and freedom of action. Mill has composed this chapter by indicating the limitations of personal freedom. He points out his belief in self government excluding individuals who are interfering in others liberty. He also dwells on the significance of a person’s wishes and incitements such as incitement produces energy, which will be the fuel for change and actions, including both good and bad. Mill states that the religious and other forces stifle the individuality of persons and he does not believe in the restrictive view, which is injurious to the inner good of humans. He also emphasizes on the significance of original thought and naturalness. Mill beli eves that even if the people do not hold on freedom and naturalness, they will automatically mingle with that environment. It is because of the government, which become more effective only if there is a society, allows people to innovate and spread new ideas and to confront the majority’s opinion. ... It meant to be a society, who allows people to select their choice in life. The quote elaborates on different social activities of religious worship, family organisation of changing and testing all aspects in life which none can imagine. He actually means that every person should be allowed to live in his or her own way and it should be controlled only when they are interfering in other’s life. He also points out the reasons which support experiments of living. There is a bilateral meaning on the argument – the author tells that there do exist unsatisfactory factors in our society, and allow the growth of experiments of living taking place. Mill highlights other lifestyles. Mill illustrates that freedom within the society will lead to the formation of genius, and he believes that genius can live only in a free society. Besides, he thinks that religious freedom is one of the important aspects of liberty. Therefore, people who are taking offence against others are unaccep table and that some modifications should be made to the current understanding of liberty. Mill expresses his view that moral principles are important for a person’s freedom that he does not harm others. On the contrary, through the concept of making harm, Mill shows the rational point of view and the changes such action can bring about in the society. Individuality is one of the main topics of discussion in Mill’s On Liberty. It may differ from person to person. Mill, quoting the words of Wilhelm von Humboldt, who was a German thinker and a politician, argues that each person’s motive is the â€Å"highest and most harmonious development of his powers to a complete and consistent whole†

Dessertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Dessertation - Essay Example This is known as managing a project or project management. Project management has been defined as â€Å"the application of knowledge skills, tools and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations from the project† (Duncan, 1996). In order to meet or exceed the stakeholder needs and expectations, project management balancing competing demands among, scope, time, costs and quality. Urban transportation system in most countries poses a challenge with the pace at which nations are developing. This is more prominent in the developing countries where the pace of growth is more rapid than the developed countries. Many developing nations have undertaken ambitious projects of constructing the metro rail or the underground railway system as the surface has become crowded with different types of transportation system. Such projects typically have cost and time overruns and are surrounded by litigations and objections from various stakeholders. In additions, the developing nations have numerous pressures from the political and economic set-up for additions and deletions of the proposed route. Factors like these lead to litigation and which are not usually provided in the project planning stage. These factors in turn are responsible for cost and time overruns. India has registered phenomenal growth in the last two decades but the urban transport system continues to pose challenges. Bangalore is one of the major metro cities in India which has been undergoing severe urban traffic congestion problem and urgent measures were adopted. Bangalore has been experiencing a combination of population, economic and spatial growth that has placed tremendous stress on the public infrastructure and services. Economic growth has led to rise in incomes and consequently more demand for road space as people opt for personalized motor vehicles. To reduce

Must Liturgy Adapt to Culture or vice versa Essay

Must Liturgy Adapt to Culture or vice versa - Essay Example It would seem that the trend in the liturgical changes points to an adaptation to the people’s way of life or culture. In the light of an increasing secularisation of society, the question begs: Must liturgy adapt to culture, or vice versa? The Essence of Liturgy One must rest upon the definitions of liturgy and culture to be able to take a handle on this question. The word liturgy comes from the Greek word liturgia which signifies an act of public service done for the community. From a Christian point of view , and particularly Anglicans, as explained in the Guiding Principles of Christian Worship, liturgy has come to be known as â€Å"the work of the people of God,† or their public obligation to give God thanks and adoration. It is very important to establish the relevance at this early of the six guiding principles of Christian worship as contained in the Book of Common Prayer. These are, one, that the Holy Scripture must be the foundation and the basic content of al l Christian worship; two, that tradition must be carefully respected; three, that the language in edification must be relevant to and understood by the congregation; four, that ceremonies need not be identical across cultures but must not also contradict Scripture or the Creeds; five, that the words and the liturgies should seek ecumenical convergence with the Universal Church, and six, that these words and forms of the liturgies must maintain continuity with the Church’s historic tradition, while giving way to creativity and innovation in response to societal change. Liturgy then is the vehicle for the people’s expression of their faith. In the exegesis of the six principles, it is said that in finding such expression, nothing must contradict the Holy Scriptures, it being the foundation of worship. Such deference includes the use of words, concepts and images. It is also said that in the process of expressing faith, tradition must be respected and preserved as close a s possible to when it transpired as indicated in the Holy Scriptures. One can see where Fr. Kavanagh is coming from. The admonition to adapt culture to liturgy has all its foundation rested on the guiding principles but reflects a growing fear of the consequences of the reverse happening. Torevell (2004) observes that liturgy is becoming less popular and the reason he cites is that people no longer have that creative and restorative sense of rite but rather look at liturgy as a stable act of repetition. The Essence of Culture Culture, according to Davey (2012), is a framework of behavioural patterns, values and experiences shared within and by a social group. It is the â€Å"order of life in which human beings construct meanings through practices of symbolic representations,† according to Inda and Ronello (2008). Samovar (2009, pp.144-146) define it as a set of social rules that provide the framework and meaning to events, objects and people, to make sense of the surround ings and lessen the uncertainty about the environment. It provides a sense of identity, of self, of belonging. It is learned, transmitted via generations and acquired through interactions, observation, and imitation from art, proverbs, history, teachers, parents, books and media. It is symbolic and its symbols are used exclusively by the group. It is about the group’s standards, their beliefs, their traditions, their habits, their peculiar way of living their lives or understanding

Policies of Arab Socialist Regimes and their Successors Essay

Policies of Arab Socialist Regimes and their Successors - Essay Example The Arab socialism was led by President Gammel Abel Nasser while the success regime was led by Anwar Sadat and later the president Hosni Mubarak. Nasser ruled from his time of election in 1956 to his death in 1970. President Hosni Mubarak was elected after the death of his mentor Anwar Sadat. Comparison of the two regimes Mubarak was likened to Abel Nasser is some ways and was different in other factors that that made them different. For instance, Nasser used to make speeches that were scraping more thorns as Hosni did when he assumed the seat. Again, during the tutelage of Arab Socialism under Nasser, the cost of basic commodities was relatively low compared to the transitory regime of Hosni Mubarak. The Nasser and Mubarak regime were characterized by periods when the two leaders were not accepting bribes in the military army. The two leaders never showed any form of favoritism to anyone. At the time of President Nasser the nation was more secure one could walk along the streets without any fear, but at the time of Hosni the country was more insecure (Nordenman, 2012). President Nasser was much loved by the people of Egypt because of his friendly governance to the citizens. Nasser regime enjoyed the greater peace that was prevailing among the Arab nations, and people were much satisfied by political atmosphere of the time. During the time of Mubarak, the country was much insecure because it was a time when Muslim extremists from the army had assassinated the predecessor of President Hosni Mubarak.

John F Kennedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

John F Kennedy - Essay Example ved to have shown evolution of his liberal ideas by adopting a collegial decision-making model which sought resolution of conflicts through consensus and thorough cross-fertilization to filter out a more refined and trustworthy output of argument, serving the best interest of the majority in the process. Moreover, his own essence of liberalism was made evident with the innovative approach on expressing his passion for revolutionary progress and reform. As such, he preferred to take bureaucratic issues out of the traditional system and gave them appropriate treatment according to his personal decision-making style which appeared to take effect with greater degree of flexibility and number of feasible options. JFK’s temperament may be claimed to have deeply affected critical perception when a portion of his acceptance speech on ‘A Liberal Definition’ was caught in devotion to include his proposing â€Å"for liberalism is not much a party creed or set of fixed platform promises as it is an attitude of mind and heart, a faith in man’s ability through the experiences of his reason and judgment to increase for himself and his fellow men the amount of justice and freedom and brotherhood which all human life deserves (JFK – A Liberal).† In particular, this area could be felt to involve his genuine disposition on the significances of dignity, liberty, heart, and mind which the president believed to be the chief sources of collective national strength from which to execute current plan of action and build refreshing hopes of the future for the liberal